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What is Character Functions

 

Hello, friends in this article we are going to discuss how to use Character Functions in SQL. The character functions accept only Character type values and return in character and number both.

Type of Character Functions

There are eight types of Character Functions in SQL.

1. CONCAT
2. SUBSTR
3. LENGTH
4. INSTR
5. LPAD
6. RPAD
7. REPLACE
8. TRIM

So, let's understand the working of each function one by one.

1. CONCAT

The CONCAT function joint two or more strings and display as a single string. We can use a minimum of two strings with the CONCAT function. For example, we have two strings like “OCP” and “TECHNOLOGY” and we want to display both strings together.

SQL> SELECT  CONCAT('OCP','TECHNOLOGY') FROM DUAL;

The output from the above query is “OCPTECHNOLOGY“.

2. SUBSTR

The SUBSTR function Retrieve a part of the string as specified the length in function, as you can see in the below output. As we have a string like “OCPTECHNOLOGY” and we just want to display only the first three characters of the string.

SQL> SELECT SUBSTR('OCPTECHNOLOGY',1,3) FROM DUAL;

So, from the above query, we get the “OCP” as output.

3. LENGTH

The LENGTH function calculates the length of a string as a numeric value. Suppose we have a string like “OCPTECHNOLOGY” and we just want to count the letters of the sting, so you can use the length function.

SQL> SELECT LENGTH('OCPTECHNOLOGY') FROM DUAL;

The output is 13.

4. INSTR

The INSTR function shows the position of a given character in number. For example, you want to find out the position of “T” later from the “OCPTECHNOLOGY” string.

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